Practice Quiz for psychology

Answers:

1.  Thinking can BEST be defined as: the process that precedes language. a unique human capacity to analyze external stimuli and apply internal knowledge. using your brain to process external information. the processing of information to solve problems and make judgments and decisions.   2.  The tendency to use _____ problem-solving strategies without considering others that are more appropriate for the current problem is called _____. meaningful; anchoring previously successful; mental set functional; fixation new; mental set 3.  Solving the “matchstick problem” frequently results from _____, the rapid understanding of the problem's solution. induction deduction insight serendipity 4.  The formula “two parts oil to one part vinegar” is guaranteed to yield decent oil-and-vinegar salad dressing. In problem-solving terms, this recipe is a(n): mental set. schema. algorithm. heuristic. 5.  In our everyday lives, we use subjective hypothesis testing on a regular basis. This fact may account, in part, for the prevalence of beliefs in: aspirin to reduce the risk of stroke. love. paranormal phenomena. the benefits of exercise. 6.  Although it is typically a successful strategy for making probability judgments, the use of _____ can lead to errors, especially if it causes one to ignore relevant information. insight random guessing algorithms heuristics   7.  Sonya was confronted with research findings demonstrating that long-term smoking is associated with health problems. She denied this fact and responded, “My grandfather smoked three packs a day for 40 years and never had any problems.” This demonstrates: use of the representativeness heuristic. person-who reasoning. the gambler's fallacy. illusory correlation.   8.  David Wechsler believed in the importance of _____ on intelligence. As a result of his interest in broader assessments of intelligence that included nonverbal performance tests, he developed the _____ as alternatives to the Stanford-Binet test. environment; WAMP and WIMP heredity; WAMP and WIMP environment; WAIS and WISC heredity; WAIS and WISC 9.  For a test to be _____, it must be _____. The reverse _____ true. valid; reliable; is valid; reliable; is not reliable; valid; is reliable; valid; is not 10.  An online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time Paul takes it. Based on this information, the test is: reliable but definitely not valid. reliable and potentially valid. not reliable and definitely not valid. not reliable but possibly valid.