1. What is the bio fabrication technique? Do you think it is a viable environmental strategy? Why or why not? (7 points)
Bio-fabrication means making complex
biological products from raw materials like living cells, biomaterials, and
molecules. Bio
fabrication is a viable environmental strategy because it can make
structures more like the complexity and variety of tissues and organs than the
regenerative medicine therapies available. In the field of regenerative
medicine, this could be a big step forward. These structures could be used
either to heal damaged tissue or as 3D models in a lab dish. The field of bio-fabrication
is growing and changing, and scientists from many different areas of study are
getting involved. This shows how important it is to keep terms consistent as
the field develops and grows.
2. Discuss
the connection between environmental injustice and locating waste. (7 points)
To degrade the environment while
also excluding some people or communities is what is known as “environmental
injustice.” The contamination of drinking water and subsequent health problems
in a community is a common result of a company’s pollution of local water
supplies. However, locating waste includes everything from waste generation
through disposal. Managing waste includes not just the obvious tasks of picking
up trash and getting rid of it but also keeping tabs on and controlling the
laws, technology, and economic systems that pertain to garbage. Constantly
policing compliance with environmental statutes also falls under this heading.
3.
In the picture,
identify and describe as many forms of energy as you can. (7 points)
ü Radiant energy - The Sun is
responsible for the emission of a significant quantity of radiant energy, which
arrives at Earth in the form of light.
ü Electromagnetic energy – From the photo all of
the energy from the sun that gets to Earth is in the form of solar radiation. An
electromagnetic radiation spectrum is a big group of different types of energy,
and solar radiation is one of its many parts.
ü Chemical energy - Light from the sun
is transformed into the chemical energy that plants may use for growth and life
through a process called photosynthesis.
ü Nuclear energy - The nuclear fusion process is the source of all the energy coming
from the sun, including both light energy and heat energy. The process that
generates sunlight is referred to as proton-proton fusion. The method of
nuclear fusion that occurs on the inside of the sun is referred to as
proton-proton fusion. With a bulk density of
ü Mechanical energy – From the photo, the
movement of the bee is regarded as mechanical energy. Mechanical energy can be
either the energy of movement or the energy of something that is moving. All
living things and a large number of systems need mechanical energy to work.
4.
True or False: Contamination rates for residential recycling
is minimal across all provinces in Canada.
False - Annually, Canadians generate more
than 3 million tons of plastic trash. There is just a 9% recycling rate, with
the rest going to landfills, incinerators, or the environment. Our wildlife,
rivers, lakes, and oceans are all at risk from the plastic garbage and marine
litter that we generate. Canada has a special obligation and opportunity to
address this problem because it possesses the longest coastline and one-fourth
of the world’s freshwater.
5. Describe some of the challenges with plastic waste and micro
plastics? (7 points)
The issue with plastic waste and
micro plastics is that, like plastic products of any size, they do not quickly
break down into molecules that are not harmful. This is a concern since micro
plastics are especially problematic. Plastics can remain in the environment for
hundreds of years or even thousands of years before decomposing, during which time
they wreak havoc on the natural world. Microplastics can be seen in the sand at
beaches as very little particles of plastic in a variety of colours.
Microplastic pollution is a common problem in the oceans, and marine species
frequently ingest it.
6. Regarding soils, what does “bulk density” mean
and why is it important? (7 points)
The
term “bulk density” refers to the amount of mass that may be packed into a
given volume of soil. The mass or weight of an amount of soil contained in a
certain volume is represented by the bulk density of the soil. Therefore,
knowing the bulk density of the soil is significant since it shows how much
mass or weight is contained in the soil. The bulk density of the soil is what
ultimately decides the infiltration rate, the available water capacity, the
soil porosity, the rooting depth or limitations, the soil microorganism
activity, the root proliferation, and the availability of nutrients. Soils with
a bulk density of more than 1.6 grams per cubic centimetre often act as a barrier
to the growth of the plant’s roots. Both increasing depth and compacting soil can
potentially increase the bulk density of the material. Sandier soils tend to
have larger bulk densities than other types of soils.
7. Calculation (15
points):
a.
Diameter at breast
height (DBH; in meters)
Circumference=2πr
116cm=2 ×22/7 ×R
116cm= (44/7) R
116cm×
(7/44) =R
R=203/11
Diameter
=2R
Diameter
= (203/11) ×2
Diameter= 406/11
= 73.8182cm
b.
Basal area (in square
meters)
Area of a base= πr2
=22/7 × (203/11)2
=1070.3636cm2
1m2=10000cm2
1070.3636/10000* 1m2
=0.107036 m2
c.
Merchantable volume (in cubic meters) (note: assume a Form Factor of 0.42)
Volume = Basal Area × Height
=0.107036 m2× 20.3m
=7,044.1 m3
8. Calculation 10 points
a.
Soil bulk density (in grams per cubic centimeter)
Density =Mass / Volume
Mass = 18.6g
Volume =
22/7× (1.65cm)2×5.5 cm
47.0603cm3
Density =18.6g / 47.0603cm3
=0.39523g/cm3
b.
Particle density (in grams per cubic centimeter)
Displaced 14ml of water
1ml= 0.001 liters
14ml= (14* 0.001) = 0.014 liters
1
litre = 1000 cm3
therefore 0.014 litres = 14 cm3 = volume
Density = mass/volume =18.6g/14cm3
=1.32857 g/cm3
c.
Porosity (as a percentage)
Porosity = void volume / total volume
=14
cm3/47.0603 cm3
=0.297491*100%
=29.75%
9.
Calculation;
a.
Gross pile volume.
V = l × w × h
=10.5 ×7.7 × 6.2
= 501.27cm3
b.
Net pile volume (in
cubic meters)
Net pile volume = 501.27cm3 ×20/100 packing ratio
= 100.24 cm3
10. What are some benefits and challenges to “willingness
to pay” method? Do you think this is a useful environmental strategy? (7 points)
Willingness
to pay leads to better segmentation. It is essential because it allows for more
accurate segmentation of customers based on demographics, location, frequency,
retention, income, purpose, and other factors. Willingness to pay has also
improved market understanding. It helps one determine the competitive edge one
has by researching and analyzing prices. Because you know how the market works,
you can ensure everything goes smoothly. Recent studies show that customers are
becoming more price-conscious because prices are going up and their incomes are
going down.
Zero
bids can result if respondents say they are unwilling to pay at all, which is a
disadvantage. Extrapolating errors in declared willingness to pay by
individuals can lead to substantial mistakes in the population. These inflated
appraisals, sometimes known as “rubber money,” pose a threat because interest
groups and other stakeholders may use them to sway decisions away from being
objective and well-informed.
11. True or False: Japanese knotweed (Fallopia
japonica) is a rare and protected plant species here in Canada.
TRUE
12. Do you
consider yourself to be a pessimist or an optimist about the future of the
world’s environments?
I
consider myself an optimist about the future of the world’s environment, mainly
because concerns over the effects of
climate change have finally reached an all-time high among the general public.
The climate problem and its immediate and potential repercussions are a source
of concern for an increasing number of people in Canada. On stages throughout
the world, environmental justice is receiving recognition. Michael Regan, the
current administrator of the World Environmental Protection Agency, has made
the advancement of environmental justice one of his agency’s highest
priorities. The supermarkets are concluding that there is no need to wrap
oranges in plastic before selling them to customers. More than ninety nations
have implemented or are implementing restrictions such as bans or taxes on
single-use plastic bags and other products made of plastic. The cost of using
renewable energy sources decreases as their adoption rate increases. In the
past ten years, the cost of building wind and solar power plants has reduced by
70 percent and 89 percent, respectively. The demand for only renewable energy
sources increased throughout the pandemic, making them the only type of energy
source for which demand rose.
The concept of indigenous sovereignty
is gaining traction. The indigenous sovereignty movement has recently received
some of the attention that has been long overdue for it to receive. Indigenous
groups throughout the world celebrated several victories in 2021, whether those
victories came in the form of regaining control of their land or of government
institutions beginning to recognize the benefits of Indigenous land management.
In a world where bad news seems synonymous with news, there is a great deal of
value in looking for the good. As individuals who are concerned about the
environment, it is indeed very much crucial that success has been gained by the
movement for them to motivate and urge us further in our efforts.
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